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Frostbite is characterized by white, waxy skin that feels numb and hard. It requires immediate emergency medical attention.
What to Do:
 | Get the victim into dry clothing, then take him to a hospital emergency room. If feet are affected, help carry him. |
| If you cannot get the victim to a hospital right away or must wait for an ambulance, give him a warm drink and begin first-aid treatment: |
| Immerse frozen areas in warm water (around 100 degrees Fahrenheit) or apply warm compresses for 30 minutes. If warm water is not available, wrap gently in warm blankets. |
| Do not use direct heat such as a fire or heating pad. |
| Do not thaw the area if it is at risk for refreezing, which may cause severe tissue damage. |
| Do not rub frostbitten skin or rub snow on it. |
| Re-warming will be accompanied by a burning sensation. Skin may blister and swell and may turn red, blue, or purple. When skin is pink and no longer numb, the area is thawed. |
| Apply sterile dressing to the area, placing it between fingers and toes if he are affected. Try not to disturb any blisters. |
| Wrap re-warmed areas to prevent refreezing, and have the victim keep thawed areas as still as possible. |
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